使用 Python 读写 xml 文件
0x00 解析XML的方法
-
SAX (simple API for XML)
python 标准库包含SAX解析器,SAX用事件驱动模型,通过在解析XML的过程中触发一个个的事件并调用用户定义的回调函数来处理XML文件。 -
DOM(Document Object Model)
将XML数据在内存中解析成一个树,通过对树的操作来操作XML。 -
ElementTree(元素树)
ElementTree就像一个轻量级的DOM,具有方便友好的API。代码可用性好,速度快,消耗内存少。
- 我在这里使用ElementTree
0x01 Element对象的属性
每个Element对象都具有以下属性:
- tag:string对象,表示数据代表的种类
- attrib:dictionary对象,表示附有的属性
- text:string对象,表示element的内容
- tail:string对象,表示element闭合之后的尾迹
- 若干子元素(child elements)
>>> from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
>>> xml = """<books>
... <book id='37476'>aaaa</book>
... <book id='83727'>bbbb</book>
... </books>"""
>>> root = ET.fromstring(xml)
>>> root.tag
'books'
>>> child = root.getchildren()
>>> child
[<Element 'book' at 0x106f59410>, <Element 'book' at 0x106f59450>]
>>> child[0].tag
'book'
>>> child[0].attrib
{'id': '37476'}
>>> child[0].text
'aaaa'
0x02 文件内容
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<books>
<book>
<name>Python黑帽子</name>
<date>2015</date>
<price>37¥</price>
<description>用python写一些程序</description>
</book>
<book>
<name>Web安全深度剖析</name>
<date>2014</date>
<price>39¥</price>
<description>讲述web渗透的基础知识</description>
</book>
<book>
<name>白帽子讲web安全</name>
<date>2013</date>
<price>44¥</price>
<description>道哥力作</description>
</book>
</books>
0x03 读取xml节点
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse('test.xml')
root = tree.getroot()
# root = ET.fromstring(country_data_as_string) #通过字符串导入,直接获取根
childs = root.getchildren()
books = []
for child0 in childs:
book = {}
for child00 in child0.getchildren():
# print child00.tag #标签名,即name、date、price、description
# print child00.text
book[child00.tag] = child00.text
books.append(book)
print books
"""
books = [
{'name': 'Python黑帽子','date': '2015','price': '37¥','description': '用python写一些程序'},
{'name': 'Web安全深度剖析','date': '2014','price': '39¥','description': '讲述web渗透的基础知识'},
{'name': '白帽子讲web安全','date': '2013','price': '44¥','description': '道哥力作'}
]
"""
0x04 写入xml文件
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# code by reber <1070018473@qq.com>
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
bs = [
{
'name': u'Python黑帽子',
'date': '2015',
'price': u'37¥',
'description': u'用python写一些程序'
},
{
'name': u'Web安全深度剖析',
'date': '2014',
'price': u'39¥',
'description': u'讲述web渗透的基础知识'
},
{
'name': u'白帽子讲web安全',
'date': '2013',
'price': u'44¥',
'description': u'道哥力作'
}
]
def indent(elem, level=0):
"""美化写入文件的内容"""
i = "\n" + level*" "
if len(elem):
if not elem.text or not elem.text.strip():
elem.text = i + " "
if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
elem.tail = i
for elem in elem:
indent(elem, level+1)
if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
elem.tail = i
else:
if level and (not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip()):
elem.tail = i
books = ET.Element('books')
# for b in bs:
# book = ET.Element('book')
# books.append(book)
# for k,v in b.items():
# child = ET.Element(k)
# child.text = v
# book.append(child)
for b in bs:
book = ET.SubElement(books, 'book')
for k,v in b.items():
ET.SubElement(book, k).text = v
indent(books,0)
tree = ET.ElementTree(books)
tree.write('aa.xml', 'utf-8')
# import sys
# tree.write(sys.stdout)