0x00 Python的模块

• 在python中，任何一个python文件都可以看作一个模块
• 不同包下有相同模块名并不会冲突，且包下必须有文件__init__.py
• from lib import * 意思是从包lib中导入所有模块(若lib为模块名则为导入模块的所有函数)
• from lib.module1 import test 意思是从lib这个包下的module1模块中导入函数test
• import导入模块时会从sys.path输出的结果路径中查找模块然后导入
• sys.path.append('D:/xx/xx/xx/code')可以添加搜索路径
• 使用if __name__ == '__main__':

0x01 实例

• 文件结构如下

• 测试文件test.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from package1 import * #导入包package1下的所有模块
import package2.module3 #导入包package2下的module3模块
import package2.module4 as s #导入包package2下的module4模块并重命名为s

a = module1.Class1() #创建一个对象
a.test() #调用类中的方法

b = module2.Class2()
b.test()

c = package2.module3.Class3()
c.test()

d = s.Class4()
d.test()

• 包package1

  • init.py

  #这个文件可以为空

  all = [‘module1’, ‘module2’] #有这一句才能使用import *导入所有模块

  
  * module1.py
  
  > ```python
  #!/usr/bin/env python
  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  
  'this is test moudle'
  
  __author__ = 'reber'
  
  import sys
  
  class Class1(object):
      """docstring for Class1"""
      def __init__(self):
          super(Class1, self).__init__()
  
      def test(self):
          print "package1 -> module1.py -> Class1 -> test()"
  
      def main(self):
          print "this is module1.py main()"
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      sub11 = Class1()
      sub11.test()
      sub11.main()
  

  • module2.py

  #!/usr/bin/env python

  -- coding: utf-8 --

  ’this is test moudle’

  author = ‘reber’

  import sys

  class Class2(object): “““docstring for Class1"”” def init(self): super(Class2, self).init()

    def test(self):
        print "package1 -> module2.py -> Class2 -> test()"
  
    def main(self):
        print "this is module2.py main()"
  

  if name == ‘main’: sub11 = Class2() sub11.test() sub11.main()

• 包package2

  • init.py

  all = [‘module3’, ‘module4’]

  
  * module3.py
  
  > ```python
  #!/usr/bin/env python
  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  
  'this is test moudle'
  
  __author__ = 'reber'
  
  import sys
  
  class Class3(object):
      """docstring for Class1"""
      def __init__(self):
          super(Class3, self).__init__()
  
      def test(self):
          print "package2 -> module3.py -> Class3 -> test()"
  
      def main(self):
          print "this is module3.py main()"
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      sub11 = Class3()
      sub11.test()
      sub11.main()
  

  • module4.py

  #!/usr/bin/env python

  -- coding: utf-8 --

  ’this is test moudle’

  author = ‘reber’

  import sys

  class Class4(object): “““docstring for Class4"”” def init(self): super(Class4, self).init()

    def test(self):
        print "package2 -> module4.py -> Class4 -> test()"
  
    def main(self):
        print "this is module4.py main()"
  

  if name == ‘main’: sub11 = Class4() sub11.test() sub11.main()

• 执行python test.py结果